Paper-2 content

Paper-2:

Format of Examination:

Questions Distributions:

Physiology :

• Biophysical definitions
• Water and Electrolytes Dynamics
• Transport Mechanisms
• Aids-base balance

The cardiovascular system

• The conducting system of the heart
• Factors affecting heart rate
• The electrocardiogram
• Pressure and oxygen saturations in the cardiac chambers
• their clinical correlations
• Hemodynamic events in the cardiac cycles
• Control of stroke volume 
• Changes in blood volume  and cardiac output in pregnancy
• Blood flow and blood pressure control
• The autonomic nervous system and blood pressure control
• Local control of blood flow
• Hemodynamic changes in pregnancy

Respiratory system

• Physiology of Respiration
• Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport
• Changes in respiratory system during pregnancy

The Urinary system

• Introduction
• Microanatomy
• Clearance Glomerular filtration
• Renal blood flow
• Handling of individual substances
• The effect of pregnancy
• Physiology of maturation
• Changes of urinary system during pregnancy

The gastrointestinal tract

• Mechanics
• Digestive process
• Changes of digestive system during pregnancy

Nutrition

• Calorimentry
• Food tuffs
• Minerals
• Vitamins
• Fiber
• Nutrition duringpregnancy and lactation

The liver

• Anatomical considerations
• Metabolic functions
• Bile
• Miscellaneous functions
• Bone & Calcium metabolism

The nervous system

• The somatic nervous system
• The autonomic nervous system
• Chemical Transmission in Nerve Endings

The Blood

• Physiology of Blood
• Iron and folic acid metabolism in pregnancy Haemostasis and blood coagulation
• Blood Group and rhesus incompatibility
  

BIOCHEMISTRY :

• Proteins, Peptides and Amino Acids
• Introduction
• Amino acids
• Structure of proteins
• Purification and analysis of proteins
• Modification of protein structure Metabolism - Principle of Carbohydrate and Fat Metabolism
• Overall energy metabolism Glycolysis (Aerobic/Anaerobic)
• Citric acid cycle
• Respiratory chain
• Fatty acid oxidation
• Regulation of metabolic pathways
• Catabolism
• Urea cycle Enzymes - Role of Enzyme in digestion, metabolism and reproduction
• Enzyme kinetics

PHARMACOLOGY :

• The language of clinical pharmacology
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacodynamics Factors which influence drug action
• Drug interactions
• Impaired renal function
• Liver disease
• Age
• Therapeutic drug monitoring Pharmacology of some commonly used drugs Beta adrenoceptor antagonists
• Diuretics
• Vasodilators
• Antimicrobials
• Oral contraceptives
• Anticoagulatants and antiplatelet drugs Analgesia and anaesthesia
• Opiniod analgesics
• Local anaesthetics
• Inhalation anaesthetic agents Anaesthetic agents for general anaesthesia Neuromuscular blocking drugs
• Drugs which influence uterine activity Prostaglandins
• Oxytocin
• B,adrenoceptor agonists
• Ergometrine
  
• Hormone and antihormones used 1n Obst./Gyna
• Drugs in pregnancy
• Placental transfer Influence of pregnancy on dose require Drugs given later in pregnancy
• Drugs and breast feeding
• Drugs of abuse Antimitotic drugs - Pharmocokinetics, action and toxicology

ENDOCRINOLOGY :

• The hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal body & gonads
• Regulation of menstrual cycle
• Gonadal Steroid hormones
• Synthesis and excretion
• Binding in blood and tissues
• Metabolism and excretion
• Ovarian function in the adult and its control
• Testicular function in the adult and its control
• Physiology and Endocrinology of Puberty and Menopause
• The adrenal glands
• The adrenal cortex
• The adrenal medulla
• The thyroid gland Iodine metabolism
• Control of thyroid secretion
• Thyroid function tests
• Thyroid function in pregnancy
• The pancrease (Islets of langerhans)
• Placental Endocrinology semans)