General Examination
Protocols
GIT General Examination:
Lips:
1) Fissure
2) Angular stomatitis
Causes of angular stomatitis:
- a) vitamin deficiency – Niacin,riboflavin,pyridoxin
- b) ill fitting dentures
- c) candidiasis
3) Ulceration
4)pigmentation – Familial gastrointestinal polyposis
5)inflammation
Teeth :
- 1) Dental caries
- 2) Hutchison’s teeth – cong. Syphilis
Gum:
- a) ulceration
- b)inflammation
- c)bleeding
- d) Hypertrophy
Buccal Mucosa:
- a) Koplick’s spot – measles
- b)Pigmentations – Addison’s disease
- c) ulceration
- d) inflammation
Tongue :
- a) pale color – anaemia
- b) dry tongue – dehydration
- c) coated tongue- Typhoid fever
- d) Macroglossia – causes
- -Acromegaly
- - Myxoedema , cretinism
- - Amyloidosis
- - Lyphangioma
- - Down syndrome
- e) Microglossia- pierre robin syndrome
- d) Tongue Tie
Palate :
- 1) Hard palate – see any alteration
- 2) Soft palate – see any alteration
Tonsil :
- 1) ulceration
- 2) swelling
- 3) inflammation
- 4) pus
- 5) patches
Breath odour :
- 1) Acetone breath – Diabetic ketoacidosis
- 2) Fetor hepaticus – Cirrhosis of Liver
- 3) Amonical – ureamia