Percussion

Percussion:

• Percussion note may be normal resonance, hyper-resonance, dull or stony dull or impaired dullness.

Anterior Chest percussion area: up to 5 th ribs

Posterior Percussion area: up to 9th ribs 

Mid Axillary line:

Causes of hyper-resonance:

•  Pneumothorax.
•  Big cavity.
• Big bullae.
• Emphysema (usually increase resonance).

Causes of dullness:

•  Pleural effusion (stony dull).
•  Thickened pleura (impaired dull).
•  Consolidation (woody dull).
•  Collapse.
•  Mass lesion.
•  Raised diaphragm due to hepatomegaly (dullness on the right side).